Schofield's Type 1-4 house plans, based on Ralph Treswell's surveys of London houses (Schofield and Vince 1994, 73). The 17th century survey date also makes comparison with earlier typologies less reliable.įigure 2. A notable omission from this work was the provision of upper floor plans, which severely limits our understanding of the buildings. He added the types Pantin omitted however, thereby broadening the range of size and social status: Type 1, one room per floor with domestic accommodation above a shop, and Type 4, multiple warehouses and shops arranged around a courtyard, each with domestic accommodation above, but with a larger purely domestic property forming part of the complex (Schofield and Vince 1994, 73 Grenville 1997, 169). Using the Treswell surveys of London from 1607-14, he presented four types, Types 2 and 3 being closely based on Pantin’s Types I and II. Schofield’s typology (1987) is also a development of Pantin’s plan types. Contractual evidence and consideration of access strategies indicated it was usual for the undercroft to be separately tenanted to the shop above, and sometimes the shop was also separately tenanted to the domestic accommodation (Faulkner 1967, 122-123 127). In his examples the undercroft formed the lowest level of the building, and the ‘ground’ floor of the building was above street level and accessed by a stair (Faulkner 1967, 122). Pantin’s interpretation of the origin of these house types was that they were adapted from country house types to meet urban conditions (Pantin 1962-3, 202), but his failure to include non-hall houses may have either biased this conclusion or been a strategy for proving his hypothesis.įaulkner’s (1967) research of 13th and 14th century town houses was concerned with buildings that had split level shops on the lower two levels and domestic accommodation above, and could be considered as an extension of Pantin’s work. Concentrating on middle sized houses of the late 13th to early 16th centuries with a hall open to the roof, he produced a classification based on whether the hall was parallel to or at right angles to the street. The first seminal work concerning medieval town houses was that of Pantin (1962-3), in which he used documentary evidence and archaeological surveys to classify two sub-groups of town houses by their plan form. ![]() ![]() Pantin's plan form typology - samples from each of his classification groups (Pantin 1962-3).
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